Off-Grid Electricity: Beginner's Guide

A systems-level introduction to loads, generation, batteries, inverters and backup.

Think in systems, not gadgets

Reliable independent power starts with the loads you need to run, how long they must run, and the conditions under which generation is available. Generation, storage, conversion and protection have to be sized together.

Generation and storage do different jobs

Solar panels and fueled generators produce energy when their input resource is available. Batteries and flywheels store energy that was produced earlier. Many resilient systems combine technologies because each solves a different part of the problem.

Start with essential loads

List appliance wattage, starting surges and daily run time. Separate critical loads from optional loads. This prevents an attractive technology from driving the design before the energy requirement is understood.

Where DIY concepts fit

A DIY project can be useful for learning about motors, generators, controls and storage. For critical backup, compare experimental approaches with equipment that has documented electrical ratings and appropriate safety certifications.